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Research InterestMy research focus is on understanding factors, both ecological and evolutionary, that shape biological diversity. My work focuses on biological diversity at various levels within freshwater, from within species to communities. To answer the questions I'm interested in, I work both in the field and use controlled laboratory experiments. I am a strong believer that for successful research and greater knowledge scientists need to collaborate, often across disciplines. I thus have many good research collaborators that bring in specialization.
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Ongoing Research Projects
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PI on ECO-EVO-DEVO dynamics of biodiversity - Mývatn threespine stickleback as a model. PI on Biological diversity in Icelandic sub-surface freshwater Collaborator in the project Micro evolutionary Processes in Small Populations. Collaborator in the project, The importance of Egg size for phenotypic variation and divergence in wild populations. Collaborator in the project, Evolution of cognition: A study of sympatric morphs of Arctic charr. |
StudentsAlessandra Schnider, PhD student
Bethany Smith, PhD student, co-supervised with Kevin Parsons Sigurður H. Árnason, PhD student Daniel P. Govoni, PhD student Former Graduate Students PhD 2020 - Agnes-Katharina Kreiling, University of Iceland 2019 – Samantha Victoria Beck, University of Iceland 2013 – Antone Millet, University of Iceland M.Sc. 2023 Spencer William Edwards, Hólar University 2023 Ragna Guðrún Snorradóttir, Hólar University 2018 Marlene Kundruhn, University of Cologne Germany 2018 Doriane Combot, Hólar University 2016 Coralie Delarue, Hólar University 2015 Jónína Herdís Ólafsdóttir, Hólar University 2015 Jóhann Garðar Þorbjörnsson, Hólar University 2012 Tamara Diethelm, ETH, Switzerland 2011 Mathew Stephen Seymour, Hólar University 2011 Daniel P. Govoni, Hólar University 2010 Andrea Koopmans, ETH, Switzerland 2010 Mike Senn, University of Zurich |
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Selected Publications
Beck, S. V., Räsänen, K., Leblanc, C. A., Skulason, S., Jónsson, Z. O. and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2020). Differences among families in craniofacial shape at early life-stages of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). BMC Developmental Biology, 20(21), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12861-020-00226-0
Guðmundsdóttir, R., Kreiling, A. K., Kristjánsson, B. K., Marteinsson. V. Þ., Pálsson, S. (2020). Ciliate diversity in cold water spring sources in Iceland. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 84, 191-203. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01936
Kreiling, A. K., Gíslason, G. M. and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2020). Trichoptera diversity in Icelandic springs. Zoosymposia, 18. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.18.1
Kreiling, A. K., O’Gorman, E. J., Pálsson,S., Benhaim, D., Leblanc, C. A., and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2020). Seasonal variation in the invertebrate community and diet of a top fish predator in a thermally stable spring. Hydrobiologia, 848, 531-545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04409-5
Paccard, A., Hanson, D., Stuart, E. Y., von Hippel, F. A., Kalbe, M., Klepaker, T., Skúlason, S., Kristjánsson, B. K., Bolnick, I. D., Hendry, A. P., Barrett, R. D. H. (2020). Repeatability of Adaptive Radiation Depends on Spatial Scale: Regional Versus Global Replicates of Stickleback in Lake Versus Stream Habitats. Journal of Heredity, 111(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esz056
Pilakouta, N., Humble, J. L., Hill, I. D. C., Arthur, J., Costa, A. P. B., Smith, B. A., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Killen, S. S., Lindström, J., Metcalfe, N. B. and Parsons, K. J.(2020). Testing the predictability of morphological evolution in contrasting thermal environments. bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/609933
Pilakouta, N,. Killen, S. S., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Lindström, J., Metcalfe, N. B. and Parsons, K. J. (2020). Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild. Functional Ecology, 34(6), 1205–1214. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13538
Snæbjörn Pálsson, Ragnhildur Guðmundsdóttir og Bjarni K. Kristjánsson (2020). . Náttúrufræðingurinn, 90, 16-22.
Þorbjörnsson, J. G., Ólafsdóttir, J. H., Kristjánsson, B. K., Chambers, C. and Burns, G. L. (2020). Recreational scuba diving in a groundwater ecosystem: Disturbance mechanisms, ecological impacts and stakeholder perceptions. Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystem, 30(5), 1012–1022. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3308
Beck, S. V., Räsänen, K., Ahi, E. P., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Jónsson, Z. O. Leblanc, C. A. L. (2019). Gene expression in the phenotypically plastic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): a focus on growth and ossification at early stages of development. Evolution and Development, 21(1), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/ede.12275
Ólafsdóttir, J. H., Þorbjörnsson, J. G., Kristjánsson B. K. and Ólafsson, J. S. (2019). Invertebrate biodiversity in cold groundwater fissures in Iceland. Ecology and Evolution, 9(11), 6399– 6409. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5213
Pilakouta, N., Killen, S. S., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Lindström, J., Metcalfe, N. B. and Parsons, K. J. (2019). Temperature preference does not evolve in sticklebacks despite multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/615005
Samantha V., Räsänen, B. K., Ahi, E. P., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Jónsson, Z. O. and Leblanc, C. A. (2019). Gene expression in the phenotypically plastic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): A focus on growth and ossification at early stages of development. Evolution & development, 21(1), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/ede.12275
Seymour, M., Räsänen, K. and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2019). Drift versus selection as drivers of phenotypic divergence at small spatial scales: The case of Belgjarskógur threespine stickleback. Ecology and Evolution, 9(14), 8133– 8145. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5381
Skúlason, S., Parsons, K. J., Svanbäck, R., Räsänen, K., Ferguson, M. M., Adams, C. E., Amundsen, P. A., Bartels, P., Bean, C. W., Boughman, J. W., Guðbrandsson, G. E. J., Hooker, O. E., Hudson, A. G., Kahilainen, K. K., Knudsen, R., Kristjánsson, B. K., Leblanc, C. A. L., Jónsson, Z., Öhlund, G., Smith, C. and Snorrason, S. S. (2019). A way forward with eco evo devo: an extended theory of resource polymorphism with postglacial fishes as model systems. Biological Reviews, 94(5), 1786-1808. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12534
Kristjánsson, B. K. and Leblanc, C. A. L. (2018). Variation in the magnitude of morphological and dietary differences between individuals among populations of small benthic Arctic charr in relation to ecological factors. Ecology and evolution, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3761
Govoni, D. P., Kristjánsson, B. K. and Ólafsson, J. S. (2018). Spring type influences invertebrate communities at cold spring sources. Hydrobiologia, 808, 315-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3434-6
Kreiling, A.-K., Ólafsson, J. S. and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2018). Chironomidae fauna of springs in Iceland – assessing the ecological relevance behind Tuxen´s spring classification. Journal of Limnology, 77(S1), 145-1. https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2018.1754
Kristjánsson, B.K., Leblanc, C. A. L., Skúlason, S., Snorrason, S. S.and Noakes, D. L. G. (2018). Phenotypic plasticity in the morphology of small benthic Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 27(3), 636-645. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12380
Leblanc, C. A. L., Kristjánsson, B. K. and Skúlason, S. (2016). The importance of egg size and egg energy density for early size patterns and performance of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Aquaculture Research, 47(4), 1100-1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12566
Gudbrandsson, J., Ahi, E., Franzdottir, S., Kapralova, K., Kristjánsson, B. K., Steinhauser, S., Maier, V., Jóhannesson, I., Snorrason, S., Jonsson, Z. and Pálsson, A. (2015). The developmental transcriptome of contrasting Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) morphs. F1000Research, 4(136), 1-54. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6402.3
Kapralova, K. H., Jónsson, Z. O., Pálsson, A., Franzdóttir, S. R., le Deuff, S., Kristjánsson, B. K. and Snorrason, S. S. (2015). Bones in motion: Ontogeny of craniofacial development in sympatric arctic charr morphs. Developmental Dynamics 244(9), 1168-1178. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24302
Leblanc, C. A., Kristjánsson, B. K. and Skúlason, S. (2014). The importance of egg size and egg energy density for early size patterns and performance of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Aquaculture Research, 47(4), 1100-1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12566
Lucek, K., Sivasundar, A., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S. and Seehausen, O. (2014). Quick divergence but slow convergence during ecotype formation in lake and stream stickleback pairs of variable age. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 27(9), 1878-1892. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12439
Quintela, M., Johansson, M. P., Kristjánsson, B. K., Barreiro, R. and Laurila, A. (2014). AFLPs and mitochondrial haplotypes reveal local adaptation to extreme thermal environments in a freshwater gastropod. PLoS One, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101821
Karvonen, A., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Lanki, M., Reilstab, C. and Jokela, J. (2013). Water temperature, not fish morph, determines parasite infections of sympatric icelandic threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Ecology and Evolution, 3(6), 1507-1517. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.568
Millet, A., Kristjánsson, B. K., Einarsson, Á. and Räsänen, K. (2013). Spatial phenotypic and genetic structure of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in a heterogneous natural system, Lake Mývatn. Ecology and Evolution, 3(10), 3219-3232. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.712
Seymour, M., Räsänene, K., Holderegger, R. and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2013). Connectivity in a pond system influences migration and genetic structure in threespine stickleback. Ecology and Evoltuion, 3(3), 492-502.
Woods, P.J., Skúlason, S., Snorrason, SS., Kristjánsson, B.K., Ingimarsson, F., Malmquist, H. (2013). Variability in the functional role of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus as it relates to lake ecosystem characteristics. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 96, 131-1376. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.476
Kristjansson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Snorrason, S. S. and Noakes, D. L. G. (2012). Fine scale parallel patterns in diversity of small benthic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in relation to the ecology of lava/ groundwater habitats. Ecology and Evolution, 2(6), 1099-1112. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.235
Woods, P. J., Skúlason, S., Snorrason, S. S., Kristjánsson, B. K., Malmquist, H. J., and Quinn, T.P. (2012). Intraspecific diversity in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, in Iceland: II. What environmental factors affect life history in lakes? Evolutionary Ecology Research, 14, 973-992.
Woods, P.J., Skúlason, S., Snorrason, S.S., Kristjánsson, B.K., Malmquist, H.J., and Quinn, T.P. 2012. Intraspecific diversity in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, in Iceland: I. Detection using mixture models. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 14, 93-1013.
Kristjansson, B. K. and Svavarsson, J. (2007). Subglacial refugia in Iceland enabled groundwater amphipods to survive glaciations. The American Naturalist 170, 292-296.
Beck, S. V., Räsänen, K., Leblanc, C. A., Skulason, S., Jónsson, Z. O. and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2020). Differences among families in craniofacial shape at early life-stages of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). BMC Developmental Biology, 20(21), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12861-020-00226-0
Guðmundsdóttir, R., Kreiling, A. K., Kristjánsson, B. K., Marteinsson. V. Þ., Pálsson, S. (2020). Ciliate diversity in cold water spring sources in Iceland. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 84, 191-203. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01936
Kreiling, A. K., Gíslason, G. M. and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2020). Trichoptera diversity in Icelandic springs. Zoosymposia, 18. https://doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.18.1
Kreiling, A. K., O’Gorman, E. J., Pálsson,S., Benhaim, D., Leblanc, C. A., and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2020). Seasonal variation in the invertebrate community and diet of a top fish predator in a thermally stable spring. Hydrobiologia, 848, 531-545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04409-5
Paccard, A., Hanson, D., Stuart, E. Y., von Hippel, F. A., Kalbe, M., Klepaker, T., Skúlason, S., Kristjánsson, B. K., Bolnick, I. D., Hendry, A. P., Barrett, R. D. H. (2020). Repeatability of Adaptive Radiation Depends on Spatial Scale: Regional Versus Global Replicates of Stickleback in Lake Versus Stream Habitats. Journal of Heredity, 111(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esz056
Pilakouta, N., Humble, J. L., Hill, I. D. C., Arthur, J., Costa, A. P. B., Smith, B. A., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Killen, S. S., Lindström, J., Metcalfe, N. B. and Parsons, K. J.(2020). Testing the predictability of morphological evolution in contrasting thermal environments. bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/609933
Pilakouta, N,. Killen, S. S., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Lindström, J., Metcalfe, N. B. and Parsons, K. J. (2020). Multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures leads to a reduction in standard metabolic rate in the wild. Functional Ecology, 34(6), 1205–1214. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13538
Snæbjörn Pálsson, Ragnhildur Guðmundsdóttir og Bjarni K. Kristjánsson (2020). . Náttúrufræðingurinn, 90, 16-22.
Þorbjörnsson, J. G., Ólafsdóttir, J. H., Kristjánsson, B. K., Chambers, C. and Burns, G. L. (2020). Recreational scuba diving in a groundwater ecosystem: Disturbance mechanisms, ecological impacts and stakeholder perceptions. Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystem, 30(5), 1012–1022. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3308
Beck, S. V., Räsänen, K., Ahi, E. P., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Jónsson, Z. O. Leblanc, C. A. L. (2019). Gene expression in the phenotypically plastic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): a focus on growth and ossification at early stages of development. Evolution and Development, 21(1), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1111/ede.12275
Ólafsdóttir, J. H., Þorbjörnsson, J. G., Kristjánsson B. K. and Ólafsson, J. S. (2019). Invertebrate biodiversity in cold groundwater fissures in Iceland. Ecology and Evolution, 9(11), 6399– 6409. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5213
Pilakouta, N., Killen, S. S., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Lindström, J., Metcalfe, N. B. and Parsons, K. J. (2019). Temperature preference does not evolve in sticklebacks despite multigenerational exposure to elevated temperatures. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/615005
Samantha V., Räsänen, B. K., Ahi, E. P., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Jónsson, Z. O. and Leblanc, C. A. (2019). Gene expression in the phenotypically plastic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): A focus on growth and ossification at early stages of development. Evolution & development, 21(1), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/ede.12275
Seymour, M., Räsänen, K. and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2019). Drift versus selection as drivers of phenotypic divergence at small spatial scales: The case of Belgjarskógur threespine stickleback. Ecology and Evolution, 9(14), 8133– 8145. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5381
Skúlason, S., Parsons, K. J., Svanbäck, R., Räsänen, K., Ferguson, M. M., Adams, C. E., Amundsen, P. A., Bartels, P., Bean, C. W., Boughman, J. W., Guðbrandsson, G. E. J., Hooker, O. E., Hudson, A. G., Kahilainen, K. K., Knudsen, R., Kristjánsson, B. K., Leblanc, C. A. L., Jónsson, Z., Öhlund, G., Smith, C. and Snorrason, S. S. (2019). A way forward with eco evo devo: an extended theory of resource polymorphism with postglacial fishes as model systems. Biological Reviews, 94(5), 1786-1808. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12534
Kristjánsson, B. K. and Leblanc, C. A. L. (2018). Variation in the magnitude of morphological and dietary differences between individuals among populations of small benthic Arctic charr in relation to ecological factors. Ecology and evolution, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3761
Govoni, D. P., Kristjánsson, B. K. and Ólafsson, J. S. (2018). Spring type influences invertebrate communities at cold spring sources. Hydrobiologia, 808, 315-325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3434-6
Kreiling, A.-K., Ólafsson, J. S. and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2018). Chironomidae fauna of springs in Iceland – assessing the ecological relevance behind Tuxen´s spring classification. Journal of Limnology, 77(S1), 145-1. https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2018.1754
Kristjánsson, B.K., Leblanc, C. A. L., Skúlason, S., Snorrason, S. S.and Noakes, D. L. G. (2018). Phenotypic plasticity in the morphology of small benthic Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 27(3), 636-645. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12380
Leblanc, C. A. L., Kristjánsson, B. K. and Skúlason, S. (2016). The importance of egg size and egg energy density for early size patterns and performance of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Aquaculture Research, 47(4), 1100-1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12566
Gudbrandsson, J., Ahi, E., Franzdottir, S., Kapralova, K., Kristjánsson, B. K., Steinhauser, S., Maier, V., Jóhannesson, I., Snorrason, S., Jonsson, Z. and Pálsson, A. (2015). The developmental transcriptome of contrasting Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) morphs. F1000Research, 4(136), 1-54. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6402.3
Kapralova, K. H., Jónsson, Z. O., Pálsson, A., Franzdóttir, S. R., le Deuff, S., Kristjánsson, B. K. and Snorrason, S. S. (2015). Bones in motion: Ontogeny of craniofacial development in sympatric arctic charr morphs. Developmental Dynamics 244(9), 1168-1178. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.24302
Leblanc, C. A., Kristjánsson, B. K. and Skúlason, S. (2014). The importance of egg size and egg energy density for early size patterns and performance of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Aquaculture Research, 47(4), 1100-1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12566
Lucek, K., Sivasundar, A., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S. and Seehausen, O. (2014). Quick divergence but slow convergence during ecotype formation in lake and stream stickleback pairs of variable age. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 27(9), 1878-1892. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12439
Quintela, M., Johansson, M. P., Kristjánsson, B. K., Barreiro, R. and Laurila, A. (2014). AFLPs and mitochondrial haplotypes reveal local adaptation to extreme thermal environments in a freshwater gastropod. PLoS One, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101821
Karvonen, A., Kristjánsson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Lanki, M., Reilstab, C. and Jokela, J. (2013). Water temperature, not fish morph, determines parasite infections of sympatric icelandic threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Ecology and Evolution, 3(6), 1507-1517. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.568
Millet, A., Kristjánsson, B. K., Einarsson, Á. and Räsänen, K. (2013). Spatial phenotypic and genetic structure of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in a heterogneous natural system, Lake Mývatn. Ecology and Evolution, 3(10), 3219-3232. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.712
Seymour, M., Räsänene, K., Holderegger, R. and Kristjánsson, B. K. (2013). Connectivity in a pond system influences migration and genetic structure in threespine stickleback. Ecology and Evoltuion, 3(3), 492-502.
Woods, P.J., Skúlason, S., Snorrason, SS., Kristjánsson, B.K., Ingimarsson, F., Malmquist, H. (2013). Variability in the functional role of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus as it relates to lake ecosystem characteristics. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 96, 131-1376. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.476
Kristjansson, B. K., Skúlason, S., Snorrason, S. S. and Noakes, D. L. G. (2012). Fine scale parallel patterns in diversity of small benthic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in relation to the ecology of lava/ groundwater habitats. Ecology and Evolution, 2(6), 1099-1112. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.235
Woods, P. J., Skúlason, S., Snorrason, S. S., Kristjánsson, B. K., Malmquist, H. J., and Quinn, T.P. (2012). Intraspecific diversity in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, in Iceland: II. What environmental factors affect life history in lakes? Evolutionary Ecology Research, 14, 973-992.
Woods, P.J., Skúlason, S., Snorrason, S.S., Kristjánsson, B.K., Malmquist, H.J., and Quinn, T.P. 2012. Intraspecific diversity in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, in Iceland: I. Detection using mixture models. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 14, 93-1013.
Kristjansson, B. K. and Svavarsson, J. (2007). Subglacial refugia in Iceland enabled groundwater amphipods to survive glaciations. The American Naturalist 170, 292-296.
